Validation of the Pascual Graphomotor Test in Cuban school children.

INTRODUCTION: The ability to draw is a complex perception and cognition function, which is acquired in infancy and is not usually investigated in the neuropaediatric clinic. OBJECTIVE: To validate the Pascual graphomotor test (PGT) in 5 to 11 year-old Cuban school children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The PGT was performed on a total of 172 children from the city of Havana Círculo Infantil del Municipio Plaza nursery school and from the 1st to 5th year of a primary school in the same area. The sample was systematic. The test was repeated the following day. All the drawings were scored blind by a neurologist and neurology resident. RESULTS: For the validation of the test the differentiation with age and school year was taken as a validation criterion. A high correlation was obtained between the ages of the children and the scores obtained. The Spearman coefficient was -0.78 (P=0.01), and a there was a similar inverse correlation between the school year and the test scores (Spearman coefficient=-0.79, P=0.01). The test was very reliable, with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.99 for inter-observer agreement and 0.97 for the test-retest. CONCLUSIONS: The test was valid according to the criterion employed, differentiation with age and school year. The PGT demonstrated good temporal and inter-observer stability. We believe that it is a very useful tool in the neurological examination of Cuban school children.

[Parotiditis viral infection associated with Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease. Review of 1 case]. / Enfermedad de Kikuchi-Fujimoto asociada a infección por virus de la parotiditis. A propósito de 1 caso.

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease or necrotizing histiocytic lymphadenitis is a self-limited process of lymphatic system that affects more frequently young women. Fever and adenopathy, often cervical, are typical. Diagnosis is fundamentally based on the affected lymph node biopsy, since laboratory data are often normal. It's a very rare entity in Spain, being more frequent in Oriental countries. It's a benign evolution process, with a spontaneous healing in some weeks or months. This is the reason because of this disease could be infradiagnosed. It's very important the differential diagnosis with malignant lymphomas, because Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease doesn't need any treatment.

Enfermedad de Kikuchi-Fujimoto asociada a infección por virus de la parotiditis. A propósito de 1 caso / Parotiditis viral infection associated with Kikuchi- Fujimoto disease. Review of 1 case

La enfermedad de Kikuchi-Fujimoto o linfadenitis necrotizante histiocitaria es un proceso autolimitado del sistema linfático que afecta con más frecuencia a mujeres jóvenes. Clínicamente se caracteriza por la presencia de fiebre y de adenopatías, sobretodo cervicales. El diagnóstico se basa fundamentalmente en la biopsia del ganglio afectado, ya que a menudo los datos de laboratorio son normales. Es una enfermedad rara en España, siendo más frecuente en países orientales. Se trata de un proceso de evolución benigna, con resolución espontánea en semanas o meses, razón por la cual esta enfermedad podría estar infradiagnosticada. Es fundamental su distinción de los linfomas, dado que la enfermedad de Kikuchi no necesita tratamiento (AU)

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